The National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS), formerly known as the National Open School, is an autonomous organization established in November 1989 by the Ministry of Education, Government of India. NIOS provides secondary and senior secondary level education. The NIOS (National Institute of Open Schooling) exams for Class 10 and 12 are conducted twice a year, in April and October. NIOS is "Open School" to cater to the needs of a heterogeneous group of learners up to pre-degree level. It was started as a project with in-built flexibilities by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) in 1979.